| I. Understanding Civil Society |
| 1 | Introduction | |
| 2 | Civil Society, Social Movements, and NGOs | - Mathews, Jessica T. "Power Shift." Foreign Affairs 76, no. 1 (1997): 50-66.
- Kaldor, Mary. "The Idea of a Global Civil Society." International Affairs 79, no. 3 (2003): 583-593.
- Rieff, David, and Michael Clough. "Civil Society and the Future of the Nation-State: Two Views." The Nation 268, no. 7 (1999): 11-16.
 Clark, John. World's Apart: Civil Society and the Battle for Ethical Globalization. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2003, pp. 91-128. ISBN: 156549167X.- Kriesberg, Louis. "Social Movements and Global Transformation." In Transnational Social Movements and Global Politics: Solidarity Beyond the State. Edited by J. Smith, C. Chatfield, and R. Pugnucco. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997. ISBN: 0815627432.
- Recommended
- Chatfield, Charles. "Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Associations to 1945." In Transnational Social Movements and Global Politics: Solidarity Beyond the State. Edited by J. Smith, C. Chatfield, and R. Pugnucco. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997, pp. 19-41. ISBN: 0815627432.
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| 3 | Accountability and Legitimacy of NGOs | - Edwards, Michael, and David Hulme. "NGO Performance and Accountability: Introduction and Overview." In Earthscan Reader on NGO Management. Edited by Michael Edwards and Alan Fowler. London, UK: Earthscan, 2002, pp. 187-203. ISBN: 1853838489.
- Wapner, Paul. "Defending Accountability in NGOs." Chicago Journal of International Law 3, no. 1 (2002): 197-205.
- Sikkink, Kathryn. "Restructuring World Politics: The Limits and Asymmetries of Soft Power." In Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks, and Norms. Edited by S. Khagram, J. V. Riker, and K. Sikkink. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2002, pp. 301-318. ISBN: 0816639078.
- Slim, Hugo. "By What Authority? The Legitimacy and Accountability of Non-governmental Organisations." The International Council on Human Rights Policy International Meeting on Global Trends and Human Rights - Before and after September 11, Geneva, January 10-12, 2002.
Available at: The Journal of Humanitarian Assistance.
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| II. Environmental Actors in International and Domestic Arenas |
| 4 | Transnational Environmental Actors and Activism | - Wapner, Paul. "Politics Beyond the State: Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics." World Politics 47, no. 3 (1995): 311-340.
- Tamiotti, Ludivine, and Matthias Finger. "Environmental Organizations: Changing Roles and Functions in Global Politics." Global Environmental Politics 1, no. 1 (2001): 56-76.
- Frank, John David, Ann Hironaka, John W. Meyer, Evan Schofer, and Nancy Brandon Tuma. "The Rationalization and Organization of Nature in World Culture." In Constructing World Culture: International Non-Governmental Organizations since 1875. Edited by J. Boli and G. N. Thomas. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999, pp. 81-99. ISBN: 0804734224.
- Smith, Jackie, Ron Pugnucco, and Charles Chatfield. "Social Movements and World Politics: A Theoretical Perspective." In Transnational Social Movements and Global Politics: Solidarity Beyond the State. Edited by J. Smith, C. Chatfield, and R. Pugnucco. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1997, pp. 59-80. ISBN: 0815627432.
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| 5 | Transnational Networks and Diffusion | - Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. Chapters 1 and 4 in Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998. ISBN: 0801484561.
- Rodrigues, Maria G. M. "Advocating for the Environment: Local Dimensions of Transnational Networks." Environment 46, no. 2 (2004): 14-25.
- Rohrschneiger, Robert, and Russell J. Dalton. "A Global Network? Transnational Cooperation Among Environmental Groups." The Journal of Politics 64, no. 2 (2002): 510-533.
- Princen, Thomas. "Ivory, Conservation, and Environmental Transnational Coalitions." In Bringing Transnational Relations Back In: Non-State Actors, Domestic Structures, and International Relations. Edited by T. Risse-Kappen. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995, pp. 227-256. ISBN: 0521484413.
- Caniglia, Beth Schefer. "Elite Alliances and Environmental TSMO Networks." Mobilization: An International Journal 6, no. 1 (2001).
- Reimann, Kim D. "Building Networks from the Outside In: International Movements, Japanese NGOs, and the Kyoto Climate Change Conference." Mobilization 6, no. 1 (2001): 69-82.
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| 6 | Resources and NGO Capacity, Agendas, and Activism | - McAdam, Doug. "On the International Origins of Domestic Political Opportunities." In Social Movements and American Political Institutions. Edited by Anne N. Costain and Andrew S. McFarland. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998, pp. 251-267. ISBN: 0847683583.
- Snow, David A., and Robert D. Benford. "Alternative Types of Cross-National Diffusion in the Social Movement Arena." In Social Movements in a Globalizing World. Edited by Donatella della Porta, Hanspeter Kriesi, and Dieter Rucht. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1999. ISBN: 0312219385.
- Carmin, JoAnn, and Barbara Hicks. "International Triggering Events, Transnational Networks, and the Development of the Czech and Polish Environmental Movements." Mobilization 7, no. 3 (2002): 305-324.
- Read one of the following articles
- Hicks, Barbara. "Setting Agendas and Shaping Activism: EU Influence on Central European Environmental Movements." Environmental Politics 13, no. 1 (2004): 216-233.
- Lahusen, Christian. "Joining the Cocktail Circuit: SMOs at the European Union." Mobilization 9, no. 1 (2004): 55-71.
- Read one of the following articles
- Crotty, Jo. "Managing Civil Society: Democratisation and the Environmental Movement in a Russian Region." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 36 (2003): 489-508.
- Cellarius, Barbara, A., and Caedmon Staddon. "Environmental Nongovernmental Organizations, Civil Society and Democratization in Bulgaria." East European Politics and Societies 16, no. 1 (2002): 182-222.
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| 7 | Determinants of Strategies and Tactics | - Carmin, JoAnn, and Deborah B. Balser. "Selecting Repertoires of Action in Environmental Movement Organizations: An Interpretive Approach." Organization & Environment 15, no. 4 (2002): 365-388.
- Dalton, Russell J., Steve Recchia, and Robert Rohrschneider. "The Environmental Movement and the Modes of Political Action." Comparative Political Studies 36, no. 7 (2003): 743-771.
- Andrews, Kenneth, and Bob Edwards. "The Structure of Local Environmentalism." Mobilization 10, no. 2 (2005). (Forthcoming.)
- Recommended
- Richards, J. P., and J Heard. "European Environmental NGOs: Issues, Resources and Strategies in Marine Campaigns." Environmental Politics 14, no. 1 (2005): 23-41.
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| III. Tactics, Targets, and Impacts of Environmental NGOs |
| 8 | International Arenas of Environmental Activism | - Mason, Michael. "Representing Transnational Environmental Interests: New Opportunities for Non-Governmental Organisation Access within the World Trade Organisation?" Environmental Politics 13, no. 3 (2004): 566-589.
- Alger, Chadwick. "The Emerging Roles of NGOs in the UN system: From Article 71 to a People's Millennium Assembly." Global Governance 8, no. 1 (2002).
- Raustiala, Kal. "States, NGOs, and International Environmental Institutions." International Studies Quarterly 41 (1997): 719-740.
- Read one of the following
- Betsill, Michele M., and Elisabeth Corell. "NGO Influence in International Environmental Negotiations: A Framework for Analysis." Global Environmental Politics 1, no. 4 (2001): 65-85.
- Gulbrandsen, Lars H., and Steinar Andresen. "NGO Influence in the Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: Compliance, Flexibility Mechanisms, and Sinks." Global Environmental Politics 4, no. 4 (2004): 54-75.
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| 9 | State-NGO Relations | - Kitschelt, Herbert. "Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies." British Journal of Political Science 16, no. 1 (1986): 57-85.
- Singleton, Sara. "Collaborative Environmental Planning in the American West: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly." Environmental Politics 11, no. 3 (2002): 54-75.
- Ho, Peter. "Greening With Conflict? Environmentalism, NGOs and Civil Society in China." Development and Change 32 (2001): 893-921.
- Hallstrom, Lars. "Eurocratising Enlargement? EU Elites and NGO Participation in East Central European Environmental Policy." Environmental Politics 13, no. 1 (2004): 175-193.
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| 10 | Corporate Opponents and Partners | - Newell, Peter. "Campaigning for Corporate Change: Global Citizen Action on the Environment." In Global Citizen Action. Edited by M. Edwards and J. Gaventa. London, UK: Lynne-Reiner, 2001, pp 189-201.
- Rondinelli, Dennis A., and Ted London. "How Corporations and Environmental Groups Cooperate: Assessing Cross-Sector Alliances and Collaborations." Academy of Management Executive 17, no. 1 (2003): 61-76.
- Sasser, Erika N., Aseem Prakash, Benjamin Cashore, and Graeme Auld. "Direct Targeting as an NGO Political Strategy: Examining Private Authority Regimes in the Forestry Sector." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Atlanta, GA, 2004.
- Doh, J. P., and Guay, T. R. "Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility: How Nongovernmental Organizations Influence Labor and Environmental Codes of Conduct." Management International Review 44, no. 3: 7-30. (forthcoming)
- Meyerson, Debra E. "The Tempered Radicals: How Employees Push Their Companies - Little by Little - to be More Socially Responsible." Stanford Social Innovation Review (Fall 2004): 14-23. (PDF)
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| 11 | Local Environmental Action | - O'Rourke, Dara, and Gregg Macy. "Community Environmental Policing: Assessing New Strategies of Public Participation in Environmental Regulation." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 22, no. 3 (2003): 383-414.
- Weber, Edward P. "A New Vanguard for the Environment: Grass-Roots Ecosystem Management as a New Environmental Movement." Society & Natural Resources 13, no. 3 (2000): 237-259.
- Fisher, Dana R., and Jessica F. Green. "Understanding Disenfranchisement: Civil Society and Developing Countries' Influence and Participation in Global Governance for Sustainable Development." Global Environmental Politics 4, no. 3 (2004): 65-85.
- Carmin, JoAnn, Barbara Hicks, and Andreas Beckmann. "Leveraging Local Action: Grassroots Initiatives and Transnational Collaboration in the Formation of the White Carpathian Euroregion." International Sociology 18, no. 4 (2003): 703-725.
- Shaw, Karena. "The Global/Local Politics of the Great Bear Rainforest." Environmental Politics 13, no. 2 (2004): 373-392.
- Coban, Akyut. "Community-based Ecological Resistance: The Bergama Movement in Turkey." Environmental Politics 13, no. 2 (2003): 438-460.
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| IV. Conclusion |
| 12 | Conclusion and Wrap-up | |